Unicode normalization
Normalize combining characters and compatible characters in NFC, NFD, NFKC, and NFKD formats.
Input
The example value has been entered. Check it immediately or change the value.
Input is processed in the browser. Refreshing returns a sample value.
Result
Check or change the value using the example value result.
NFKC/NFKD compatible characters can change shape·meaning, so review the result.
Share result
Share the tool link and result text together. No URL is included in the result. Check the below content and then share it.
Calculation·conversion criteria
Unify Unicode representations of characters with similar appearance.
Input example
e + combining accent → NFC é
A single character é followed by a combining accent can represent different code representations. NFC is the combined form, while NFD is the split form.
How to use
- Use the provided example value or change the text, normalization format item.
- Click Verify result and check the following result.
- Result can be copied if needed.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can using NFKC change the meaning of the original characters?
Compatibility normalization can integrate representations like Hangul or original characters. It is useful for searching and comparison, but original formatting may be lost, so verify the results for document preservation.
Calculation criteria and reference materials
- Unicode UAX #15 — normalization
Definitions in NFC·NFD·NFKC·NFKD formats
Verification of calculation criteria: · Calculation·verification principles · Report errors